#rijl's art
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rijl · 10 months ago
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Happy Palm Sunday
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themanuchihrglobe · 6 years ago
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The names of the twelve zodiacal signs are given near each zodiacal sign, always including the term burj (a sign of zodiac), which is not usually found on globes. The twelve zodiacal signs are:
1. Burj ḥamal (Aries), longitude 0°
2. Burj thawr (Taurus), longitude 30°
3. Burj jawzā’ (Gemini), longitude 60°
4. Burj saratān (Cancer), longitude 90°
5. Burj asad (Leo), longitude 120°
6. Burj sunbulah (Virgo), longitude 150°
7. Burj mīzān (Libra), longitude 180°
8. Burj ‘aqrab (Scorpio), longitude 210°
9. Burj qaws (Sagittarius), longitude 240°
10. Burj jadī (Capricornus), longitude 270°
11. Burj dalw (Aquarius), longitude 300°
12. Burj ḥūt (Pisces), longitude 330°
    The 48 classical constellations are depicted on the Manuchihr globe. Each constellaion is labelled using the relatively unusual term kawākib for ‘constellation’ instead of the common ṣūrah, for instance; kawākib al-‘adhrā’ for Virgo, kawākib al-asad for Leo, kawākib al-dubb al-aṣghar for Ursa Minor, or kawākib al-samakatayn for the constellation Pisces (but burj-i hūt for the zodiacal sign of Pisces).
There are approximately 1022 stars + 3 in Coma Berenices, visible above northern hand of Virgo. It is not clear whether the ‘overlooked’ star in the tail of Ursa Major has been included or not, for the area appears to be damaged.
The stars are inlaid silver studs, with some attempt to differentiate the ‘size’ of stars by the size of the silver studs. They have been placed after the outlines of the constellation images. Approximately 50 stars are given individual names.
While most of the iconography follows those that found on other recorded Islamic celestial globes, allowing for variation in regional depiction of clothing, there are some distinctive features found on this globe:
Virgo (al-‘adhrā’), for example, faces South rather than North and has a rather unusual hair and clothing. Virgo also holds an ear of wheat in the southern hand with the star labelled simāk al-a‘zal, and while this is occasionally found on other globes, it is quite rare. Also, the three stars of Coma Berenices are visible above the northern hand of Virgo, and these also are relatively rare on globes.
Corona Borealis (kawākib al-fakkah) is represented as a crescent moon, and this is most unusual, if not unique.
Cetus (al-qītus) is unusually ornate in its depiction.
Aquarius (sākib al-mā’) holds an unusual device from which he is pouring the water.
Andromeda (al-mar’ah al-musalsalah), however, is the most unusual figure on this globe. The fact that the figure is viewed from behind suggests some European influence in the iconography, for Islamic depictions, and all recorded Islamic globes, show the figure frontally. There is no indication of the chains which should bind her feet together. It is in fact not clear whether this is a male or female figure. It has been drawn to a larger size than it should be, extending a bit too far north and south, although the stars in it remain more-or-less properly positioned. As a result of this elongation, for example, the star rijl al-musalsalah (the foot of the chained woman) is placed at the back of the left knee rather than on the foot, as it is on other globes.
Moreover, the torso of Andromeda overlaps with the face of the northern fish of the constellation Pisces (al-samakatayn, al-ḥūt), whereas the fish should be just nestled up to the side of Andromeda.
The quality of workmanship displayed in this globe is of the highest quality. There are only two other recorded Safavid celestial globes that have a full set of constellation images, and these were both also made in Mashhad, by Muhammad Zamān in 1050 AH (1640-41 AD) and 1054 AH (1644-45 AD). The former is now in the V&A (inv. no. M. 827-1928) while the latter was last recorded as being in a private collection in Kuwait (photographs were available in 1980).
Although also made in Mashhad, the design of these globes by Muhammad Zamān, the depictions of the constellation images and the methods of engraving, are strikingly different from the Manuchihr globe. Consequently, we now have evidence of two major workshops of instrument-makers active in Mashhad in the first half of the 17th century.
About the Manuchihr globe Prof. Dr. Sonja Brentjes says:
“The re-surfacing of this splendid specimen of a celestial globe is a marvellous gift to all who are seriously interested in intellectual history of post-Mongol Islamicate societies and in particular of the Safavid dynasty. It illustrates that education, politics, art patronage, artisanal and artistic excellence had formed a strong bond. This unification of a broad range of cultural activities in the courtly spheres of the Ilkhanids, Timurids, Mughals, Ottomans, Safavids and other Muslim dynasties provided the context for the creation of a scholarly tradition of the mathematical sciences, astrology, philosophy, medicine and the so-called occult sciences that thrived as a program of elite education, luxurious display of power and wealth and as a culture of gift-giving and political rivalry. Claims to scientific excellence in this cultural function of the sciences serve for binding the sciences to the other mentioned expressions of excellence, but do not necessarily literally reflect a culture of scientific research practice as stated in the preface of Qa‘īnī’s Persian translation of ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī’s work on star constellations. Both the globe and the two illustrated manuscript copies of Qa‘īnī’s translation encourage us, however, to spend more time with them and investigate their claims, mastership and affiliations to earlier Ilkhanid and Timurid works of the same genre.
They also invite us to rethink the history of the sciences in the Safavid period and to dedicate the same kind of careful study to such specimens of scholarly knowledge and cultural practice as we have done so successfully in the last decades with regard to prime specimens of scientific innovation and excellence created in Islamicate societies of the classical period between India and the Iberian Peninsula. It would be wonderful if the private owners of such impressive pieces reflecting the rich cultural past of the sciences in Islamicate societies would support us in this task and share their collections generously with the academic world and the public.”
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happilyevilafter · 4 years ago
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Hell0 to all my #pretties and to all my #ghouls Today we have Once a upon a time #Villains Based on #ZodiacSigns / #StarConstellations This is: #Virgo ♍ The #Maiden 👧 #SuigintouRozenMaiden For Virgo: 16 #September to 30 #October Main Stars 🌟 included: Zavijava, Zaniah, Porrima, Caphir, Spica, Auva, Vindemia Trix, Heze, Syrma, and Rijl Al Awwa. Please take note: did NOT put months or days on the #picture of #art, because you can be whatever #sign or #character you want to be, or NOT to be! Have a #MisfortunelyMagnificent experience by #Happilyevilafter 😇&😈 #hornsandhalos #angel #devil (at San Luis Obispo, California) https://www.instagram.com/p/CEVOI7KhUfD/?igshid=6bydagvg1s9z
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quickrijbewijs-blog · 8 years ago
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Make Prudent Decisions And Snel Je Rijbewijs Halen From Certifying Authorities
To apply for driving license in the Netherlands, candidates will have to prove in front of the licensing authorities that they are capable of understanding the road signs and know to drive. This demonstration has to be carried out in front of the authorities, so that they can ascertain that the applicant is able to drive properly within the limits of traffic rules. To do such demo, and snel je rijbewijs halen, people will need to learn the driving first, so that at the moment of demonstration, they do not go wrong in the process. This will not only add further to the kosten rijles, and add to the increased expenses of getting the license, but delay the process further. The prudent step would be therefore to ensure that people have learnt and practised the art of driving and have driven in secluded areas for better confidence and manoeuvring.
·         Keeping kosten rijles low to get the license without hassles
Giving demonstration of driving skills is a necessity to get driving license for people in the Netherlands. To be able to give such demo, one needs to be proficient enough in the techniques as well as theoretical aspects of driving. This can be learnt from the professional agencies which help people with snel je rijbewijs halen with different models of cars and even some theoretical lessons. In this condition, it would be a good move to have smart ways to reduce the kosten rijles and increase the chances of certification.
There are many people in the Netherlands, who will have to spend some extra bucks to fine tune their driving skills. They can go for crash course or check out short courses for theory and practice on their own to lower the total spending on getting the driving license.
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rijl · 10 months ago
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Pietà with Mohammed Salem's photo of Inas Abu Maamar embracing the body of her 5-year old niece, Saly. Saly was killed on October 17 in an Israeli airstrike on Khan Younis.
"In this season of Lent, it seems to many of us that Jesus is on the cross again with thousands of crucified Palestinians around him. It only takes people of insight to see the hundreds of thousands of crosses throughout the land, Palestinian men, women, and children being crucified. Palestine has become one huge golgotha. The Israeli government crucifixion system is operating daily. Palestine has become the place of the skull."
(From the 2001 Easter message of Naim Ateek, Palestinian liberation theologian and Anglican priest.)
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rijl · 10 months ago
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Pietà with Mohammed Salem's photo of Inas Abu Maamar embracing the body of her 5-year old niece, Saly. Saly was killed on October 17 in an Israeli airstrike on Khan Younis.
"In this season of Lent, it seems to many of us that Jesus is on the cross again with thousands of crucified Palestinians around him. It only takes people of insight to see the hundreds of thousands of crosses throughout the land, Palestinian men, women, and children being crucified. Palestine has become one huge golgotha. The Israeli government crucifixion system is operating daily. Palestine has become the place of the skull."
(From the 2001 Easter message of Naim Ateek, Palestinian liberation theologian and Anglican priest.)
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rijl · 10 months ago
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Being involved in a church of mostly old people be like...
Or
Me an the boys.
(This was a real zoom call.)
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rijl · 1 year ago
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Thank you for your beautiful response! Yessss the job of the culture worker/artist is to make the revolution irresistible BUT IT'S ALSO to make life bearable in the meantime 🧡 Here's the art my wife and I created (with a lot of help from our community) depicting the Palestinian Holy Family for a Christmas vigil for Palestine. I hope it did a little of both.
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Photos by Abby Whisenant
Image description: Four photos of a life-size nativity scene from an evening vigil on a grassy area in front of an opulent columned building. The nativity scene is made of colorful painted figures of Mary and Joseph in traditional Palestinian dress, with a brown baby doll wrapped in a keffiyeh lying on a pile of rubble and straw between them. Candles and a scarf with the colors of the Palestinian flag surround the baby. On either side of the family there is a painted panel with the Bible verse "A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, refusing to be comforted, because they are no more," in English on the left and in Arabic on the right, each on the backdrop of a bombed Gaza cityscape. A lit-up gold star hangs above the Holy Family. The fourth photo shows people gathering to place candles in front of the scene.
This is a weird appreciation post for the first fiction podcasts I've ever listened to: Monstrous Agonies and Travelling Light, both by @monstrousproductions / @indieninja92.
I discovered and started listening to Monstrous Agonies in late September, right as the final season was ending. I was really grateful for that timing because each episode became a brief and kind respite from the horrors of October: Watching a genocide unfold in Palestine and being shocked at the ambivalence of so many people in my life whom I love and respect, especially people in my local faith community. I felt disillusioned and betrayed to the point of questioning my belonging in that community, because I didn't know for how much longer I could bear to be the only person speaking up for Palestinian life and freedom in a community that I had considered my justice-seeking home (or one of them at least). Anyway, I could forget that, and the death, and the grief, and the fear, for a few minutes while I listened to other creatures' problems on Monstrous Agonies.
My timing was also great because I was able to start listening to Travelling Light as soon as I finished MA a few weeks ago. In episode 7, the main character visits a temple of their own faith while planet-hopping far from home and says, "I do not have the words to describe the wave of relief that washed over me as soon as I walked inside." This is exactly how I felt when I finally gathered (no one else was organizing this, I realized I had to make it happen) with local Christians committed to solidarity with Palestine. And when we connected with the local Palestine justice collective to create a beautiful nativity scene and powerful Christmas vigil. I felt so alone and weak trying to push my congregation on my own, like I was lost in space. Being with people (of my faith and not) whose hearts were breaking the same way as mine felt like coming home, even though I barely knew them (then). (Now I am also feeling ripples of that relief each time another member of my congregation cautiously and belatedly expresses solidarity with Palestine. But I no longer feel like I have to claw it out of them, because instead I'm building with this new community.)
Listen to Monstrous Agonies and Travelling Light! And free Palestine!
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rijl · 10 months ago
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What me, my wife, and our dog get distracted by on walks.
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driving4all · 4 years ago
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Wij feliciteren Tya met het behalen van haar #rijbewijs veel veilige km’s toegewenst namens #rijschool #Driving4all 🚘.                               🌐 www.driving4all.nl🚦 📞 015 45 50 528 📝 #gratisproefles . . #Rijschoolindelft #rijlessenindelft #rijlesdelft #Cbr #car #rijlesrijswijk #Delft #Rijswijk #nootdorp #blij #trots #ypenburg #schipluiden #rijschooldelft #wateringseveld #tudelft #delfgauw #Voorburg #rijlesLeidschendam #rijbewijsB #rijles #Instagood #Art #wateringen #Picoftheday #Happy (bij RijswijkBuiten) https://www.instagram.com/p/CMUe7pbBa_Q/?igshid=12b43tb2ev5ps
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themanuchihrglobe · 6 years ago
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Constellation 35. al-jabbār, The Giant [Orion]
According to Emilie Savage-Smith, the second southern constellation is Orion, who for the most part lies north of the celestial equator. The equator passes through the three stars forming the well-known belt of Orion, Orion was one of the five star groups named by Homer and was perhaps the first constellation to which a Greek legend was assigned. Traditionally he was a great hunter, eventually killed by Artemis, according to Homer, or as another tradition has it, by a scorpion (Scorpio) sent by her. Aratus does not describe the figure of Orion, but merely says “Let none who pass him spread out on high on a cloudless night imagine that, gazing on the heavens, one shall see other stars more fair”. Ptolemy described him as he was usually depicted in Greek art: holding in his right hand a staff for flinging at hares (although also used for a shepherd’s staff or crook); a short bent sword or dagger hung from his waist; and a lion's skin was draped over his left arm. He was also depicted as kneeling in a manner similar to Hercules.
Al-Ṣūfī describes the constellation as “resembling somewhat the form of a man having a head, two upper-arms and two feet; and he is called al-jabbār (the giant) because he has two thrones [a reference to groups of stars in Lepus and Eridanus] and in his hand there is a stick and around his middle a sword”.
On the Manuchihr globe Orion can be seen between and below Taurus and Gemini. The constellation is titled kawākib al-jabbār (the constellation of the giant). The constellation of Orion is comprised of 38 formed stars and no unformed stars. The traditional Bedouin term for the region was al-jawzā’.
The very large star on the eastern shoulder on the Manuchihr globe is given a name: mankib al-yumnā (the right shoulder). The star referred to is [α Orionis], a variable star that is the twelfth brightest star of the heavens. The modern name of the star, Betelgeuse, arose from another name for the star, ibṭ al-jawzā’ (armpit of al-jawzā’). The larger of the two stars next to each other on the west shoulder is labeled mankib al-yusrā [γ Ori, Belletrix].
The large star on the western foot of Orion, which is shared with the River Eridanus into which the figure is stepping, is labeled rijl al-yusrā (the left foot). This star [β Ori, Rigel] is the seventh brightest of the heavens; it was also called by al-Ṣūfī rā‘ī al-jawzā’ (the shepherd of al-jawzā’).
The star on the knee on which he is resting is labeled rijl al-yumnā. The modern name of the star, Saiph [κ Ori], is derived from the name given by al-Ṣūfī to the three stars [c θ1,2 ι Ori] composing the dagger, sayf al-jabbār (the sword of the giant), which is also labeled, a name clearly derived after the introduction of the Ptolemaic constellations. The Bedouin term for these three stars was al-jawzā’. Two of the stars, θ1,2 ι Ori, comprise the asterism known today as the Sword of Orion. The three stars forming the famous asterism of the Belt of Orion, δεζ Ori, were called in Greek χἀριτες (the [three] Graces). one of the three stars is labeled minṭaqat al-jawzā’ (the belt of al-jawzā’), from which the modern name of δ Ori, Mintaku, is derived.
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